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恢复重建中华教育改进社缘起


甲午战败,中国面临三千年未有之变局,促使教育先驱们觉醒。1921年12月23日,新教育共进社、新教育杂志社、实际教育调查社三者合并成立中华教育改进社,以“调查教育实况,研究教育学术,力谋教育改进”为宗旨,推举孟禄、梁启超、严修、张仲仁、李石曾五人为名誉董事,蔡元培、范源濂、郭秉文、黄炎培、汪精卫、熊希龄、张伯苓、李湘辰、袁希涛九人为董事。1922年2月在上海召开的第一次董事会上,公推范源濂为第一任董事长,聘陶行知为主任干事,推进教育调查、教育测量、科学教育,是当时中国最大的教育社团,先后在济南、北京、南京、太原召开年会,参与世界教育会议,创立中华平民教育促进会,办有《新教育》《新教育评论》,创办晓庄试验乡村师范学校。主要成员包括胡适、张彭春、陈鹤琴等知名教育专家。有效推动了中国新教育的研究与实践,有力地促进了中国教育科学化、民主化、现代化进程。

After the failure of Jiawu Sino-Japanese War, China faced an unprecedented turbulent situation, which led to the awakening of pioneers in educational areas. On December 23rd, 1921, the New Education Co-evolution Institute, New Education Magazine Institute and Practical Education Investigation Institute established Chinese Education Improving Institute together, Meng Lu, Liang Qichao, Yan Xiu, Zhang Zhongren , Li Shizeng Cai Yuanpei, Fan Yuanyuan, Guo Bingwen, Huang Yanpei, Wang Jingwei, Xiong Xiling, Zhang Boweling, Li Xiangchen and Yuan Xitao were nominated as directors,and Tao Xinzhi was hired as Director General. It was the largest educational group at that time, which aims to "investigate the actual situation of education, research education, and strive to improve education", and effectively promoted the process of scientization, democratization and globalization in China’s education. 




 

当时正值中央政治腐朽、地方主义抬头、教育领域出现权力真空的时期,教育现代化很大程度上依靠教育社团的群体力量得以实施和进行。由于当时教育团体犹如一盘散沙,难以于全国收统一之效。鉴于此,1921年12月23日,新教育共进社、新教育杂志社、实际教育调查社三者合并成立中华教育改进社,以“调查教育实况,研究教育学术,力谋教育改进”为宗旨,推举孟禄、梁启超、严修、张仲仁、李石曾五人为名誉董事,蔡元培、范源濂、郭秉文、黄炎培、汪精卫、熊希龄、张伯苓、李湘辰、袁希涛九人为董事。1922年2月在上海召开的第一次董事会上,公推范源濂为第一任董事长,聘陶行知为主任干事,推进教育调查、教育测量、科学教育,是当时中国最大的教育社团,先后在济南、北京、南京、太原召开年会,参与世界教育会议,创立中华平民教育促进会,办有《新教育》《新教育评论》,创办晓庄试验乡村师范学校。主要成员包括胡适、张彭春、陈鹤琴等知名教育专家。自中华教育改进社成立后,中国教育加快了现代化时进程,后因战乱活动中止。
At that time, the central politics was decadent, localism was on the rise and power vacuum appeared in educational area, thus educational modernization was largely implemented and carried out by the mass power of educational communities.Due to the educational communities were in a total mess, it was hard to make some efforts nationwide. Considering of this, on December 23rd 1921, the New Education Co-evolution Institute, New Education Magazine Institute and Practical Education Investigation Institute together established Chinese Education Improving Institute which aims to "investigate the actual situation of education, research education, and strive to improve education". Meng Lu, Liang Qichao, Yan Xiu, Zhang Zhongren , Li Shizeng Cai Yuanpei, Fan Yuanyuan, Guo Bingwen, Huang Yanpei, Wang Jingwei, Xiong Xiling, Zhang Boweling, Li Xiangchen and Yuan Xitao were nominated as directors.


The first board meeting was held in February 1922 in Shanghai, Fan Yuanlian was voted as the first chairman, and Tao Xingzhi was nominated as Director General. Chinese Education Improvement Institute was the largest educational community at that time. It held annual meetings in Jinan, Beijing, Nanjing and Taiyuan,participated in world education conferences and established the China Association for the Promotion of Civilian Education. It also published New Education and New Education Review and founded Xiaozhuang Experimental Village Normal School. Principal members were many famous educationists including Hushi, Zhang Pengchun, Chen Heqin, and etc. Sine the establishment of Chinese Education Improvement Institute, Chinese education accelerated the process of modernization which was suspended because of the wars then. 

2011年12月23日 ,中华教育改进社恢复重建大会在京举行。由中国教育科学研究院、北京大学、中国人民大学、清华大学、北京师范大学等高校教育专家学者、社会人士以及媒体代表出席了中华教育改进社恢复重建大会。恢复重建发起人之一为中国教育科学研究院储朝晖研究员。
使命:以专业的力量推进教育完善,致力于把教育办得更好
宗旨:调查教育实况,研究教育学术,力谋教育改进

On December 23rd 2011, the restoration and reestablishment conference of Chinese Education Improvement Institute was held in Beijing. Educational professors and scholars from National Institute Of Education Sciences, Peking University, Renmin University of China, Tsinghua University and Beijing Normal University, people from all walks of life and members of the media attended the conference. One of the promoters is the researcher Chu Chaohui from National Institute of Education Improvement.
Mission: Promote education with professional strength and strive to make education better

Purpose:Investigate the actual situation of education, research education, and strive to improve education

重建后的服务与案例
学术与政策研究:以第三方身份参与国家政策研究,报告与两会互动;推动教育公平与教师待遇提高如《乡村教师支持计划(2015-2020)》;教育政策与法律适应性研究;推动教育管办评分离。
第三方独立评价:第三方教育评价联谊会;第三方专业诊断评估,真实反映教育状况;学生综合素质能力评价与自主招生等。
教育实践与项目:环境教育;中小学心灵教育;新家庭教育;困境儿童教育;普及中小学逻辑思维训练;在线教育等。
教育交流与出版:承办卡塔尔2014世界教育创新峰会(WISE)分论坛;中华教育改进年会系列[4]  ;《中小学心灵教育》;教育家精神系列;教育公益联谊与CSR咨询等。

Service and cases after re-establishment

Academic and policy research: Participated in national policy research as a third party; promoted education fairness and teachers' treatment for example Village Teacher Support Program (2015-2020); research on education policy and law adaptability; promoted the separation of education management and evaluation. Third-party independent evaluation: Third party education evaluation association; a third-party professional diagnostic evaluation, which reflects the real educational situation; evaluation of students’ overall qualities and universities’ self-admission.

Educational Practices and Projects: environmental education; psychological education; new family education; education for children in straitened circumstances; popularization of logical-thinking training in elementary and secondary schools; on-line education.

Educational Communication and Publication: catered for sub forums of 2014 WISE in Qatar; annual conference session of Chinese Education Improving Development; Psychological Education in Elementary and Secondary Schools ; educator spirit series; education philanthropy and CSR consultation.

Part of nowadays consultants and directors

The counselors and directors of CEII are from diverse backgrounds, such as UNESCO, China Law Society, Chinese Writers Association, Peking University and so on.

中国近代教育革新
孟禄、梁启超、陶行知、胡适、蔡元培、黄炎培、陈鹤琴、熊希龄、张伯苓、张彭春、范源濂、郭秉文、李湘辰、袁希涛、严修、张仲仁、李石曾,革新与缔造近代中国教育,创办晓庄试验乡村师范学校、中华平民教育促进会,《新教育》《新教育评论》。

教育科学化
1922年12月,美国教育测量专家麦柯尔教授,应中华教育改进社聘请,来我国帮助编制各种教育测验和训练有关人材的工作。麦氏来华后,和广州、上海、苏州、南京、武昌、天津、北京等地教育专家交换意见,并合作完成了包括TBCF制在内的50多种测验,撰写《中国教育的科学测量》一文,训练两期研究生。我国专家陆志韦、俞子夷、廖世承、陈鹤琴、刘廷芳等订正皮奈西门智力量表,编制中小学各种测验的工作,也于这期间完成。

Modern Education Reform in China

Meng Lu, Liang Qichao, Tao Xingzhi, Hu Shi, Cai Yuanpei, Huang Yanpei, Chen Heqin, Xiong Xiling, Zhang Boling, Zhang Pengchun, Fan Yuanyuan, Guo Bingwen, Li Xiangchen, Yuan Xitao, Yan Xiu, Zhang Zhongren, Li Shizeng reformed and constructing modern Chinese education, founded Xiaozhuang Experimental Village Normal School and China Association for the Promotion of Civilian Education, published New Education and New Education Review Scientific education In December 1922, professor Michael, an expert on education measurement in the USA, was invited by CEII to come to China to help compile various educational tests and train relevant personnel.

太原年会与教育救国
1925年8月17日,中华教育改进社在太原举行,与会者超过700人。马寅初、叶恭绰等到会并发表演讲。议决各案90余件。其中有:请依据国家主义明定教育宗旨案,中等以上学校设施军事训练案,规定各级学校教职员待遇建议案,拒却日本,英国以庚子赔款行其侵略主义之教育文化办法案,促组全国童子军联合会案,促进西藏文化教育办法案等。
其中,大会依据国家主义明定教育宗旨案提出:中国现时教育宗旨应养成以国家为前提之爱国之民。大会认为,做到这点,一、应注重本国之文化以启迪发挥国性之独立思想;二、实施军事教育以养成强健身体;三、酌施国耻教育以培植爱国感情;四、促进科学教育以增益基本知能。

Taiyuan Annual Conference and Education to save the country

On August 17th 1925, the annual conference was held in Taiyuan and over 700 participants attended this meeting. Ma Yinchu, Ye Gongchuo attended the meeting and delivered a speech. Over 90 cases were discussed and decided. For instance, defining the educational cases according to nationalism, carrying out military training in school, regulations of treatment at all levels of school staff, promotion of Tibetan culture and so on. The congress proposed in accordance with the case of the definite educational purpose of nationalism: China's current education aims to cultivate patriotic people based on the state. The congress believes that there are several points to achieve this,firstly, Chinese should pay attention to the culture of our own country to inspire the independent thinking of national development; secondly, to carry out military education so as to develop a strong body; thirdly, national shame education should be properly used to cultivate patriotic feelings; and fourthly, to promote science education to gain basic knowledge.


 
乡村教育造福平民
1926年12月3日中华教育改进社发布《改造全国乡村教育宣言书》:
“本社的乡村教育政策是要乡村学校做改造乡村生活的中心,乡村教师做改造乡村生活的灵魂。我们主张由乡村实际生活产生乡村中心学校,由乡村中心学校产生乡村师范。乡村师范之主旨,在造就有农夫身手、科学头脑、改造社会精神的教师。这种教师必能用最少的金钱,办最好的学校,培植最有生活力的农民。我们深信他们能够依据教学做合一的原则,领导学生去学习那征服自然改造社会的本领。但要想,这种教育普遍实现,必须有试验、研究、调查、推广、指导之人才,组织、计划、经费及百折不回的精神,方能成功。本社的事业范围很宽,但今后主要使命之一,即在厉行乡村教育政策,为我们三万万四千万农民服务。我们已经下了决心,要筹募一百万元基金,征集一百万位同志,提倡一百万所学校,改造一百万个乡村。这是一件伟大的建设事业,个个国民对他都负有绝大的责任。我们以至诚之意欢迎大家加入这个运动,赞助他发展,指导他进行,一心一德的为中国乡村开创一个新生命”。
1927年12月1日,《民国日报》刊登由陶行知编辑,张宗麟翻译的《中国乡村教育运动之一斑》。这是中国代表致送加拿大世界教育会议的一份报告。编者强调中国的乡村教育是有关全世界1/5人民的大事,但中国乡村教育的情况令人很不满意。为此,中华教育改进社拟订了改造中国乡村教育的计划,准备分3个阶段逐步实施。报告详细地阐述这一计划的具体内容,并介绍南京晓庄开展乡村教育运动的情况。

Rural education for the benefit of civilians

December 3, 1926 China Education Improvement Association released the Declaration on the Reform of the National Rural Education "Our rural education policy requires that rural schools be centers of rural life reform and rural teachers do the soul of rural life reform. We advocate the production of rural center schools from the actual rural life and rural teachers from rural center schools. The main purpose of rural teachers is to create a teacher with a farmer's skill, a scientific mind and a spirit of social transformation. Such teachers will be able to run the best schools with the least amount of money. We are convinced that they can implement the principle of unity of teaching to lead students to learn the skills to conquer nature and transform society. But to achieve this universal realization of education, we must have the talents of testing, researching, investigating, popularizing and guiding people, organizations, plans, funds, and repeated attempts to succeed. The association has a very wide range of businesses, but one of its major missions in the future is to implement the rural education policy and serve our three million four hundred million peasants. We have already made up our mind to raise one million yuan fund, collect one million comrades, promote one million schools and transform one million villages. This is a great undertaking for construction and all nationals bear the utmost responsibility for it

December 1, 1927, Republic Daily published, Chinese rural education movement spot which is edited by Tao Xingzhi and translated by Zhang Zonglin. This is a report sent by the Chinese representative to the World Education Conference in Canada. The editorial emphasizes that rural education in China is a major event for one-fifth of the world's population, but the situation of rural education in China is not satisfactory. To this end, China Education Improvement Society has formulated a plan to transform rural education in China, ready to be phased in three stages. The report elaborates on the details of this plan and introduces the situation of carrying out rural education campaigns in Xiaozhuang, Nanjing.

      

      

本文遵守CC-BY-SA 3.0和GFDL协议 (英文翻译志愿者:郑昱彤 北航学生 校对志愿者:刘振林 宁波诺丁汉学生)